Pile wire and process of weaving pile fabrics



P 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

FILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed 001:. 25, 1952 5Sheets-Sheet 1 MUQMQL.

ATTORNEYS April 12, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

FILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed Oct. 25, 1952 5Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Franz WE. Hoes-ezari.

April 12, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed Oct. 23, 1952 I 5Shets-Sheet 3 INVE NTOR ATTO R N EYS April 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH2,705,974

PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed 001.- 23, .1952

5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR 'f'ranz m5 lgaeselazf/i ORNEYS April 1955 F.w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed Oct. 23, 1952 5Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOZ 75%722 144E floas'eia rt ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS FrankW. E. Hoeselbarth, Carlisle, Pa., assignor to C. H.

Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania ApplicationOctober 23, 1952, Serial No. 316,453

9 Claims. (Cl. 139--39) The present invention relates to mechanism forweaving pile fabrics and methods of weaving.

The purpose of the invention is to form pile having high and low pileprojections in the same transverse row by inserting wires in pairs inthe shed, one of the wires being a non-cutting wire having high and lowportions along its length within the shed and the other wire being arelatively low cutting wire having a cutter preferably centrally locatedwith respect to the pair of wires in cross section and placed at one endbeyond the shed.

A further purpose is to employ a non-cutting wire which is wavy (hashigh and low portions at different positions along its length within theshed) which is thick at the bottom and thin at the top along with arelatively low cutting wire having a cutter positioned centrally withrespect to the loops.

A further purpose is to insert the cutting wire last of the pair and towithdraw the cutting wire first of the an. p A further purpose is toprovide a bend at the end of the non-cutting wire away from the cuttingwire to avoid interference between the wires.

A further purpose is to insert the cutting and the non-cutting wiresfrom opposite sides and provide the wire heads at opposite sides.

A further purpose is to employ one less cutting wire in the set than thenumber of non-cutting wires.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate a few only of the numerousembodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the forms shownfrom the standpoints of convenience in operation, satisfactoryillustration and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figures 1 to 4 inclusive are standard Warpwise weave step diagramsshowing the weaving in accordance with the invention.

Figures 3a and 4a are enlargements respectively of the Weave at the leftof Figures 3 and 4 respectively.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary perspective of a wire pair in accordance withthe invention, the cutter being high enough to cut all loops.

Figure 5a is a view similar to Figure 5 showing a variation, the cutterbeing too low to cut high loops but high enough to cut low loops.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary top plan view of a wire pair according to theinvention.

Figure 7 is a standard warpwise weave diagram showing the completedweave in accordance with the invention before the wires have beenwithdrawn.

Figures 8 to 11 inclusive are warpwise diagrammatic views showing pileloops and wires used in successive transverse rows of the fabric, andomitting the backing for convenience.

Describing in illustration but not in limitation and referring to thedrawings:

It is desirable for the purpose of appeal to the purchasing public toobtain textured effects in the faces of pile fabrics, especially carpetsand rugs, producing high and low pile in the same transverse row, withor without similar pile in adjoining transverse rows.

This can be done by Weaving over non-cutting wires having high and lowpile in the same transverse row, and also by weaving over cutting wiresof this character. In the case of weaving over cutting wires having highand low portions within the shed, however, where there is a cutter atthe remote end, unless adjoining straight Patented Apr. 12, 1955 'icewires are used in the next transverse row preceding to raise the pile,difiiculty is likely to be encountered because the withdrawing of thewavy cutting wire will pull down only half of a previously cuttransverse row adjoining. It is therefore very desirable to be able toemploy a wavy wire in the shed and to out without pulling down pile inan adjoining row. This can of course be done by using a wire having aslot in the top and known commonly as an umbrella wire, where the cuttertravels along the top of the wire. This is however very inconvenient toconstruct and operate where the top of the wire is weavy, and it wouldtherefore be desirable to produce this result in some other manner.

In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to obtain apile formed over a wavy wire (one having high and low portions in thesame wire and within the shed) without pulling down an adjoining pilewhen the wire is withdrawn, and to secure pile which is cut by a cutteron the end of a wire when that wire is withdrawn.

In order to accomplish this result, I insert two wires into each wireshed, the two wires cooperating, one to folrm the contour of the pileand the other to cut the p1 e.

One of the wires has high and low portions at diiferent positions alongits length within the shed, while the other wire is relatively low buthas a cutter at the remote end. In order that the cut may be centralizedwith respect to the loop, the wavy wire is desirably made thick at thebottom and thin at the top and the cutter is desirably shaped so that atthe top it lies at the center of the longitudinal cross section of thepair of wires.

The wavy wire is desirably inserted first while the cutting wire isinserted last in the shed. On the other hand the cutting wire iswithdrawn first while the wavy non-cutting wire remains in place andthen the wavy wire is withdrawn afterwards.

While the wires may of course be inserted from the same side, it ispreferable to use a double wire motion (one at each side) and insert therespective wires of a pair from opposite sides. Since the cutting wireis inserted last and withdrawn first, this can easily be accomplished byusing a wire set in which there is one less cutting wire than the numberof wavy non-cutting w1res.

Where the wires are inserted from opposite sides it is desirable todeform the end of the wavy non-cutting wire laterally at a point beyondthe shed away from the cutting wire so that there will not be danger ofinterference with the cutting wire when it is inserted.

The invention is applicable particularly to Wilton carpet (jacquard)weaving, but is also applicable to velvet carpet weaving.

It will be understood that the pairs of wires peculiar to the presentinvention will in some cases be used throughout the wire set, whereas inother cases high, low, or wavy wires, cutting or non-cutting, will beused in combination with the wire pairs of the invention to make up thewire set.

The weave of the invention may be of any suitable character. Figures 1to 4 inclusive illustrate a conventional Wilton weave to which theinvention has been applied.

In this weave binder warp '70 and 71 are withdrawn from a binder warpbeam 72 through a reversing and tensioning device 73. Binder warp 70 ismanipulated by binder warp heddle 74 and binder warp 71 is manipulatedby binder warp heddle 75. Stulfer warp 77 is taken from stuifer warpbeam 76 over tensioning device 73' and is manipulated by stutfer-warpheddle 78. It will be evident of course that any suitable number ofstuffer warps may be employed.

Pile warps 80 and 81 are respectively taken from creel frames 82 and 83and manipulated through lingoe heddles 84 and 85 by any suitablemechanism such as a jacquard to raise and lower the pile warps of theappropriate color at the proper position laterally of the fabric(tensioning devices not shown are used on the ends). While only two pilewarps are shown, it will be understood, of course, that any desirednumber may be employed in multicolor pattern weaving, and that theinvention is not limited to any particular number of pile warps ofdifferent colors.

A reed is shown at 86.

Starting with the first step in the cycle as shown in Figure 1, binderwarp heddle 75, stutter warp heddle 78 and lingoe heddles 84 and 85 areall down, while binder warp heddle 74 is raised half way. A shot of weft87 is taken under binder warp 70 and over binder warp 71,

over stuifer warp 77 and over pile warps 80 and 81. The beat of reed 86completes the first step.

The beginning of the second step is shown in Figure 2, the binder warpheddles 7 4 and 75 are reversed, stufier warp heddle 73 is raised halfway, lingoe heddle 84 is fully raised as the color pattern may requireand lingoe heddle 85 is raised half-way as the color pattern mayrequire. Wires 88 and 88 are inserted under pile warp 80 and above bothbinder warps, the stutter warp and pile warp 81. A shot of weft 90 istaken under both pile warps, under binder warp 71, under stuffer warp 77and over binder warp 70 and the lay is beaten up.

At the beginning of the third step, the stuffer warp heddle 78 isbrought down, while the binder warp heddles remain in the same positionand lingoe heddles 84 and 85 are brought down. A shot of weft 91 istaken under binder warp 71 and over binder warp 70, stutter warp 78 andpile warps 80 and 81. The lay is beaten up.

At the beginning of the fourth step, as shown in Figure 4, binder warpheddles 74 and 75 are reversed, stuifer warp heddle 78 is raised, lingoeheddles 84 are fully raised as the color pattern may require, and lingoeheddles 85 are raised half-way as the color pattern may require. Wires92 and 92' are inserted beneath pile warp 80 and above pile warp 81,stutter warp 77 and both binder warps, and a shot of weft 93 is takenover binder Warp 71 and beneath both pile warps, stuffer warp 77 andbinder warp 70. The lay is beaten up.

The next step begins the next cycle of weaving.

No attempt has been made in Figures 1 to 4 to show the detailedconstruction of the pair of wires inserted in a particular shed.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 show the wires in more detail. Wire 88 is anon-cutting wire having high portions 94 and low portions 95 along thelength within the shed and having no cutter at the end. The wire ispreferably as shown comparatively thick at 96 near the bottom andtapering on the side 97 adjoining the other wire to a comparatively thinportion 98 near the top. Wire 92 is similar to wire 88 but the high andlow portions are differently placed Weft-wise.

The cutting wire 88' is preferably straight at 100 on the top and low(below the lowest top portions of the wavy wire) so that it will notinterfere with the functioning of the wavy wire in holding the loops atdifferent heights along the length of the wavy wire. The cutting wire88' has a cutter 101 beyond the shed at the end remote from the head ofthe wire and the cutter is desirably inclined as shown best in Figure 7so that at the point it lines up with the loops 102 raised over the wavywire it is centrally located and when pulled will cut the loops at themiddle. While the cutter shown is a simple knife, it will be understoodthat it will if desired be of the commonly used spoon and blade varietyas well known.

While both wires may if desired be inserted from the same side, this isnot the preferred form. As shown in Figure 6 the two wires arepreferably inserted from different wire motions one on each side as wellknown in double motion wire looms.

Thus wire 88 has a head 103 on one end and at the opposite end isdesirably laterally curved or deflected beyond the shed at 104 so as toguide the end of the later inserted cutting wire 88' and preventinterference. Cutting wire 88 has its head 105 at the opposite end andhas its cutter 101 located centrally and beyond the shed in thedirection of the head 103 of wavy noncutting wire 88.

A weave according to the invention is shown in Figure 7, with the wiresstill inserted. It will be evident that when the end of the wire set isreached and the point comes for pulling the wires, cutting wire 88' isfirst withdrawn in the direction of its head and thus cuts all the pileloops which lie over the wavy non-cutting wire 88, since cutter 101 ishigher than the top of the wavy wire. After this is done the wavynon-cutting wire 88 is itself readily withdrawn.

The weave of Figure 7 is intended to be a Wilton carpet, in which thepile warp ends 81 are temporarily rejected by the jacquard mechanism. Itwill however be understood that a velvet carpet weave would have thesame appearance in the portion shown.

In order to facilitate the operation of the wire set, with the wavynon-cutting wire inserted first and the cutting wire of the pairinserted last, while the cutting wire is withdrawn first and the wavynon-cutting wire is withdrawn last, it is convenient to employ one lesscutting wire in the set than the number of wavy Wires.

In some cases it is desirable to cut only lower loops and in this casethe cuter 191 of Figure 5a is made lower than the high portions 94 andhigher than the low portions on the wavy wire, so that when the cuttingwire is withdrawn first it cuts the low loops only but not the loopsabove a certain height.

It will be understood of course that wire sets will commonly be made upusing pairs of non-cutting wavy wires and low cutting straight wires inaccordance with the in vention to form particular transverse rows, whileadjoining transverse rows operating on the same or on a different pilewarp as desired will be raised in many cases over wires of differentcharacters. To suggest this I show in Figures 8 to 11 pairs of rows ofpile, omitting the backing, the pile loops 102 in each case being raisedover a pair of wires consisting of a wavy non-cutting wire and a lowstraight cutting wire, while the next transverse row is raised over awire of different character. The wire of different character whichraises the adjoining transverse row of loops 106 will in some cases asin Figure 8 be a low straight non-cutting wire 107, as in Figure 9 be ahigh straight non-cutting wire 108, as in Figure 10 be a straightcutting wire 110 and in Figure 11 a wavy non-cutting wire 111. It willbe of course understood that wire sets may be made up of combinations ofthe various wires shown in Figures 8 to 11, with or without wires ofother types, such as spoon wires having high non-cutting portions at theend of the wire remote from the head beyond the shed.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications tomeet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident toothers skilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of myinvention without copying the process and structure shown, and I,therefore, claim all such insofar as they fall within the reasonablespirit and scope of my claims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

l. A wire set for pile wire weaving including wires in pairscooperatively used at a single weaving position comprising a non-cuttingwavy wire-having high and low portions within the shed and a relativelylow wire having a cutter at the remote end beyond the shed, the cutterheight being between the heights of the high and low portions on thewavy wire.

2. A wire set for weaving pile fabrics comprising wires in pairs adaptedto be used at the same position in weaving comprising a non-cutting wavywire having high and low portions at different points along each lengthwithin the shed and a relatively low wire having a cutter at the endbeyond the shed, the cutter being located at the center of the pair ofwires when viewed in cross section and the cutter height being betweenthe heights of the high and low portions on the wavy wires.

3. A wire set adapted to be used for wire weaving comprising wires inpairs adapted to be inserted in a shed at the same position comprising anon-cutting wavy wire which is relatively wide at the bottom, relativelynarrow at the top and has high and low portions along its length withinthe shed and a cooperating relatively low wire which has a cutter at thefar end beyond the shed, the cutter having a height between the heightsof the high and low portions" of the wavy wires.

4. A pair of cooperating wires side by side and adapted to be insertedin a shed at a particular point in wire weaving comprising a non-cuttingwavy wire having high and low portions along its length within the shedand a relatively low wire having a cutter at one end beyond the shed,the cutter height being between the heights of the high and low portionson the wavy wire.

5. A wire set having wires in pairs side by side adapted to be insertedin the shed at the same position, one wire of each pair having the headat one side and the other wire of the pair having the head at the otherside, one

wire of each pair having high and low portions along its length withinthe shed and the other wire of the pair being relatively low and havinga cutter at one end beyond the shed, the cutter height being between theheights of the high and low portions.

6. A wire set having wires in pairs side by side adapted to be insertedin the shed at the same position, one wire of each pair having the headat one side and the other wire of the pair having the head at the otherside, one of the wires being non-cutting, relatively thick at the bottomand thin at the top and having high and low portions along the length ofthe wire within the shed and the other wire being relatively low andhaving a cutter at the end remote from the head beyond the shed, whichcutter has a height between the heights of the high and low portions ofthe wires which have high and low portions along the length of the wire,the cutter at the top being central with respect to the pair of wireswhen viewed in cross section.

7. The method of weaving a pile fabric using at least one pile warp, atleast one binder warp, at least one stutter warp and wefts, whichcomprises interweaving the pile warp, binder warp and stuffer warp withthe wefts, raising the pile warp and forming an upper shed. insertinginto the upper shed at the same position a noncutting wire having highand low portions at the top along its length within the shed, and arelatively low wire having a cutter at one end beyond the shed which hasa height between the heights of the high and low portions, binding thepile warp by a weft beyond the wires, withdrawing the cutting wirelaterally while the non-cutting wire remains in place and therebycutting the lower portions of the pile, and then withdrawing thenon-cutting wire.

8 The method of weaving a pile fabric which comprises interweaving atleast one pile warp, at least one binder warp, and at least one stutterwarp with wefts, raising the pile warp to form an upper shed, insertinginto the upper shed a non-cutting wire having high and low portions atthe top along its length within the shed and also at the same positioninserting a relatively low cutting wire having a cutter at one endbeyond the shed which has a height between the heights of the high andlow portions which at the top is central with respect to the pair ofwires in cross section, binding the pile warp by a weft beyond theposition of the pair of wires, first withdrawing the cutting wire whileretaining the noncutting wire in position and thereby cutting the lowerportions of the pile projections centrally of their loops, and thenwithdrawing the non-cutting wire.

9. The method of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweaving atleast one pile warp, at least one binder warp, at least one stuffer warpand wefts to form a fabric, raising the pile warp to form an upper shed,inserting in the upper shed at the same weaving position a non-cuttingwire from one side having high and low portions on the top at difierentpositions along its length within the shed and a cutting wire from theother side which is relatively low compared to the non-cutting wire andwhich has a cutter positioned at the remote end beyond the shed andcentrally located with respect to the pair of wires in cross section,binding the pile warp by a weft, continuing the above steps in sequence,inserting successive wires of the set, the number of cutting wires,

being one less than the number of wavy wires in the wire set, firstwithdrawing the cutting wire of each pair while retaining thenon-cutting wire in position and then withdrawing the non-cutting wireof the pair and thereby cutting all of the pile loops formed thereover,the wires being withdrawn in the opposite directions from those in whichthey were inserted.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS158,202 Cochrane Dec. 29, 1874 1,999,883 Michaelis Apr. 30, 19352,477,248 Harding July 26, 1949 2,575,029 Shuttleworth Nov. 13, 19512,576,791 Jackson Nov. 27, 1951 2,609,839 Groat Sept. 9, 1952 FOREIGNPATENTS 124,848 France June 14, 1878 467,315 France June 9, 1914 250,673Belgium Oct. 26, 1912 242,138 Germany Dec. 23, 1911

